[Vladus]

If you take a look on all storage media using flash memory (USB flash, SSD, flash cards from digital camera and etc...) you will see that it consists of a small microcontroller with a small amount of on-chip ROM and RAM and some NAND chips. Maybe one, two. Maybe more. It depends on storage memory and type of chips. The controller supports of transferring data between external interface (USB,SATA) and internal interface of NAND chips. There are two different chips: microcontroller and NAND. But now you can meet on the market flash with NAND and controller integrated in one chip.There is a mono chip or monolith. For example is MicroSD.
If you want to get data from internal NAND chip of it you need to find special technological pin outs. If you can't find it there is no possibility to recover data from it in practice. - http://forum.soft-center.ru/viewtopic.php?t=1883



Look Wikipedia - http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flash_memory

[Vladus]

Follow steps below for recovering data of damaged flash cards/SSD.

1. Read NAND chip
2. Preparation dumps for building final image
- Removing Mix
- Determination of sector's size and it's geometry
- Determination of Block size
3. Using ECC(error-correcting code) tool (if need it)
4. Selection of Assembler and building image
5. Test and correction of built image.

Detailed description of all steps look here.

[Vladus]

1. Read NAND chip

After user have read NAND(s) chip he has to get some separate files - Dumps (the number of files - Dumps is equal the number of banks of all NAND chips). Please follow special rule creating names of these files.

cc_bb.dump

cc - the number of chip NAND
bb - the number of bank of chip

If the value of number is less then 10 the user has to add zero at the beginning of name.

See example:

01_01.dump (first chip, first bank)
01_02.dump (first chip, second bank)
02_01.dump (second chip, first bank)
02_02.dump (second chip, second bank)

[Vladus]

2. Preparation dumps for building final image - the description of results.

- Removing Mix
As the result of using this tool the user has to get dumps with proper order of sectors inside every block (as in working image of common data) of dumps. It is very easy to check the order using FAT tables.

- Determination of sector's size and it's geometry
There are special rules for description of sector's geometry. The user needs to get follow values:

Hex Editor Sector - geometry for Hex Editor viewer - example (540)*2/(538)*14/28
Assembler Sector - geometry for assembler - example (512/28)*2/(512/26)*14/0/28
ECC Sector - geometry for error correcting code - example (540/0)*2/(538/0)*14/0/28

- Determination of Block size
The user needs to get the value of Block size

[Vladus]

3. Correction of bits errors - using ECC(error-correcting code) tool - the description of results.

ECC tool is used to correct bits errors at user's data and defended by ECC spare area of sectors.
For example it is very easy to understand how does ECC work on JPEG files (photos). There are some shifts and corruptions of colors on photos before using ECC tool. And after using this tool these defects are gone.

[Vladus]

4. Selection of Assembler and building image - the description of result

The result of using this tool is an image of flash card or SSD. But in most cases this result is not final one. At least the user has to correct some parameters of assembly (Filter properties).

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5. Test and correction of built image.

At the end of job the user gets the image with normal data inside. He can check files and catalogs for proper work. If some of them are damaged he can use Confilcts tool and try to fix it. (Needed to remember that some corruptions can not be fixed because the data was damaged by malfunction of flash card or SSD.)